Teachers Practice Through Effective Continuing...

Introduction It is argued that to achieve educational reform and improve student learning, that the transforming of teachers’ practice through effective continuing professional learning is paramount (Hattie, 2003). Dinham (2012) proposes that quality teaching is vital in terms of equity in allowing all students to improve their life chances, the processes of supervision and appraisal are crucial in enabling individuals to undertake self-reflective learning that leads to improved teacher practice and better student outcomes. Jensen (2010) states that â€Å"improving the quality of Australia’s teachers will create the greatest improvements in student performance, and (provide) consequent economic and social benefits† (p.63). Yet, for many teachers the notion of supervision and appraisal is seen as a threatening process, and effective leadership is required to bring cultural change that allows these processes to be empowering in instigating teacher improvement. This response wil l seek to explore the usage of the terms supervision and appraisal, deliberate the value of these processes and describe principles of leadership required to implement them in an effective manner. Supervision and Appraisal Before devising a set of principles that might lead to effective implementation of supervision and appraisal in practice, it is essential to define the terms. Within the literature, it appears that both supervision and appraisal have been described in a number of different ways. For someShow MoreRelatedProfessional Development For Blended Learning Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesProfessional Development for Blended Learning Danielle Sherfey, William Pollock, Brandi Miranda Columbus State University  Introduction The idea of every student fitting into one box is long gone in education. More and more schools and organizations are putting their efforts into providing individualized learning that will allow students to work at their own pace and achieve success. With this is the growing use of technology to achieve the goals of proficiency and to provide students with effectiveRead MoreProfessional Development Of An Effective Teacher1432 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many factors involved in the professional development of an effective teacher. Drawing on relevant literature, identify and explain four key aspects that are important for teacher development. Thinking about your own professional development, select your personal priority from these four aspects and provide justification for your choice. As an aspiring teacher I feel that it is extremely important to recognise that good teaching methods have a significant positive impact of how studentsRead MoreThe Professional Development Of A Teacher1631 Words   |  7 PagesAs an aspiring teacher I feel that it is extremely important to recognise that good teaching methods have a significant positive impact on how students lean. It is crucial to understand that a good teacher does not just simply require advanced skills and knowledge in their subject area but is essential that we are good role models to pupils, as well as promoting a good example of moral and ethical and positive attitudes. â€Å"In addition to knowing what and knowing how, teachers must also be competentRead MoreTeaching Strategies For Teachers And Teachers753 Words   |  4 Pagesstrategies work in the classrooms come from teachers because they are daily working in them. The CCSS (Common Core Standards) was implemented as a guide for teachers what students need to be learning in school. It doesn’t show how teachers should teach in the classroom. The people that decide how to teach in the administration of schools and teachers. They decide what strategies will work best to help the students to learn better. Professional Development for teachers are very important to discuss and collaborateRead MoreOur School Vision States And Identifies What Type Of School We Hope1170 Words   |  5 PagesSamaritan, we strive to be an inclusive learning community where all members of our school community are given the opportunity to share in a living relationship with God. As such, we seek to create a culture of learning excellence in partnership with our students, their family, and the wider communities to which our school belongs. To create a culture of learning excellence where: †¢ Different learning styles are understood and respected. †¢ A desire for life-long learning is generated. †¢ Knowledge, ideasRead MoreModern K 12 Schools : Implementing Innovative Pedagogical Practices Essay1128 Words   |  5 Pagespedagogical practices to meet the needs of today’s digital learners. Consequently, K-12 schools are dedicating a significant amount of time and resources to professional development toward the cultivation of more creative learning environments. Despite such investments, most K-12 schools are far removed from implementing effective teacher improvement programs toward the development of organizational cultures of ongoing learning (The New Teacher Project, 2015). Moreover, many teachers are failingRead MoreI Am A Teacher When I Became An Educator1185 Words   |  5 PagesI decided that I wanted to be a teacher when I was a pupil at Elementary school. 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My stage of development would be proficient in all four domains and components of professional practiceRead MoreProfessional Development Of The Volusia County School Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT EXPLORATION 1 Professional Development Exploration Timothy Steele Daytona State College Author’s Note: This paper was prepared 9/7/16 for EDG4323 Taught by Dr. Betty Nielsen Green PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT EXPLORATION 2 Abstract This paper explores the Professional Development System of the Volusia County School DistrictsRead MorePublic Health Practices And Health976 Words   |  4 PagesPublic health practices are dependent upon the presence of a workforce that are well prepared and well matched to the specific community being served. The infrastructure of public health in which all services and programs are built, has three components: accurate, timely data and information; effective systems and relationships; and a competent workforce. Various bits of knowledge and interpret the data to develop meaningful descriptions of health and illness, and identify strategies for disease

Marx vs Smith - 2023 Words

Throughout history, economists have debated over various theories, in an effort to discover the one solution that will achieve the most efficient and beneficial economy. One school of thought titled, Classical Economics, is infamous has been called the â€Å"first modern school of economic thought.†[1] Two economist/philosophers who have been placed within this Classical category are Adam Smith and Karl Marx. Though these two men are polar opposites in the political-economic spectrum they share some similarities; and although dated, there are points of value to both Adam Smith’s and Karl Marx’s theories. Adam Smith, the father of economics as a science, combined economics with moral theory in regards to the way societies ought to live.†¦show more content†¦The simplest definition of the labor theory of value states that â€Å"the value of an exchangeable good or service lies in the amount of labor required to produce it; the source of profits under capitalism, then, is value added by workers not paid out in wages.†[11] This theory dictates that a particular commodity possesses value because of the labor that went into creating it. Marx, asserted that in order for a fair and equal change to occur between parties, the items of exchange must be commensurable. Marx’s labor theory of value included labor itself—what Marx called labor power. This is the worker’s capacity to produce goods and services. In order to produce, a worker must be fit to do so; this means that he or she must be clothed, sheltered, fed, rested, etc., before he or she will be abl e to properly complete the job. Marx stated that the hours it would take society to feed, clothe, shelter, (etc.) the worker so that he or she is fit to produce, should dictate the worker’s wage. For Marx, these classes were the bourgeoisie and the proletariat; the bourgeoisie are the wealthy capitalists while the proletariat is the poor working class. Marx advocated a revolution of the proletariat.. The new favorable ideology is, according to Marx, communism. Communism is a classless, stateless society in which the means of production are held in common. In this system, competition is eliminated, andShow MoreRelatedSmith vs. Marx - a Comparison Essay1247 Words   |  5 PagesSmith versus Marx Ââ€" A Comparison S. Glen Balanoff July 04, 2004 Smith versus Marx Ââ€" A Comparison Modern economic society can be described as a combination of certain points from several theories combined into one. 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Adam Smith and Karl Marx Contemporary economics are best explained by comparing two foundational thinkers that have contributed to the better understanding of liberalism, one being its proponent Adam Smith and the other being its most significant critic, Karl Marx. Both thinkers are profoundly important in locating and investigating the roots of neoliberalism as well as exploring alternatives ways to challenge neoliberal economics in the face of its post-cold war expansion as the inevitable andRead MoreHobbes Vs. Marx On Government s First Duty1038 Words   |  5 PagesBryce Hurless Mrs. Sauter World History – Block G 15 December 2014 Topic #1 – Hobbes vs. Locke vs. Marx â€Å"Government’s first duty is to protect the people, not run their lives,† said Ronald Reagan. Some political philosophies like John Locke would agree to this statement, while other, like Thomas Hobbes would not, and some will both agree and disagree, like Karl Marx. You will come to learn why the â€Å"social contract† of John Locke is the best through the review of all three philosophers main ideasRead MoreKarl Marx And Max Weber1324 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx and Max Weber were influential sociologists that paved the way for modern sociological school of thought. Both, Karl Marx and Max Weber contributed a lot to the study and foundation of sociology. Without their contributions sociology would not be as prominent as it is today. From the contribution of how sociology should be studied, to how they applied their theories to everyday life has influenced many sociologists. Predominantly, both of these theorists’ discussed the effects of capitalis mRead MoreCritically Assess the Pluralist and Marxist Views of the State1553 Words   |  7 Pagesall, the ideas and theories of Karl Marx are most commonly interpreted as a critique of capitalism where the minority elite, or the bourgeoisie, control the working class, or the proletariat (Miliband, 1988; Schwarzmantel, 1994; Hay, 2006). However, Marxism had only developed after the death of Marx therefore the ideas which are attributed to him are bound to differ. All the same, there is one key issue from which Marxism developed that is said to be evident: Marx himself believed that he had developedRead MoreEconomic Systems: Socialism and Capitalism Essay1018 Words   |  5 PagesI have observed that when Americans discuss the relative merits of socialism vs. capitalism, the chief debates that come up are †¢ What would happen if we remove the stimulus for innovation and productivity that a free market generates? This implies having a free market including individual ownership and control, and to varying degrees a laissez-faire government. †¢ Would it be possible to have a thriving society in which we would not have 20% of the population living in poverty and without adequateRead MoreAdam Smith And Karl Marx s Views On The Deregulation Of University Fees3256 Words   |  14 PagesECON1401 Written Assignment 2: Adam Smith and Karl Marx’s Views on the Deregulation of University Fees INTRODUCTION The Abbott government’s recent proposal for deregulation of university fees in Australia has brought about much controversial debate. Under current policy, university fees are set at a fixed rate, in which a price ceiling is placed on the amount universities can charge students and with no interest on student loans. 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Discuss one or more biological and psychological explanation of schizophrenia free essay sample

There appears to be a tendency for schizophrenia to run in families. This suggests that genes and biological factors play a role in the explanation of schizophrenia.. The closer the genetic relationship the more likely the people are to share the disorder. Evidence from family studies by Gottesman showed that when both parent are schizophrenic then there is a 46% chance of the child getting it, however, if only one parent had it, it dropped to 16% and dropped to a further 1% when the sibling of the child had schizophrenia. This suggests that a genetic factor is involved. Gottesman also looked at schizophrenics whose father had an identical twin. He found that there was a 17% of being schizophrenic when the father was but he also found that there was also 17% chance of developing the disease when the father’s twin had schizophrenia but the father didn’t. MZ twins share 100% of their genes; DZ twins share 50% of their genes. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss one or more biological and psychological explanation of schizophrenia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If genes are a factor we would expect more identical twins to share the disorder than non-identical. Rosenthal took a case study which had a set of female quadruplets. They all developed schizophrenia although the onset and symptoms were very different. This could have been a result of having a troubled upbringing. This suggests a strong heritable component. However, most first degree relatives and twins share the same or similar environments so it is difficult to separate genetic and environmental influences. Adoption studies compare people who have been raised in a different environment from their biological relatives. If they have similarities with their biological relatives this should be due to genes. Evidence from adoption studies, such as, Tenari’s study that had a longitudinal study of 155 schizophrenic mothers who gave up their children for adoption. These were compared with 155 adopted children who did not had a schizophrenic mother. Once these children reached adulthood there was a 10. 3% chance of developing schizophrenia when the mothers also carried the disease whereas the children who had healthy mothers only had a 1. 1% chance of getting schizophrenia This suggests genes rather than the environment have caused the disorder in these cases. However, adopted twins may still have shared similar environments. Even when the adopted environments are similar there is still the shared experience in the womb and at birth so pre-natal viruses or birth trauma may have had an effect. Overall the evidence suggests that genes play a part but nature cannot completely explain schizophrenia as there is not a 100% concordance rate. Nurture needs to be considered and the evidence suggests environmental factors must play a part. Without knowing the specific genes involved we can’t explain how these contribute to the development of schizophrenia, however the current advances in research into the mapping of genes may bring more insight to the process. One of the key psychological explanations of Schizophrenia is the double bind theory, this was developed by Bateson. He proposed that children who frequently receive contradictory messages from their parents are more likely to develop schizophrenia. For example if a mother tells her daughter that she loves her, but at the same time turns away in disgust, the child receives two conflicting messages about their relationship on different communicative levels, one of affection on the verbal level, and one of animosity on the non-verbal level. Therefore, the child becomes confused about how to respond to this situation as the two messages invalidate each other and so the child then develops one of the key symptoms of schizophrenics, that is, withdrawal. This is because it is used as a coping mechanism as it is seen as better to just dissolve away in this social situation instead of make sense of it. This theory also fits in with another major part of schizophrenia this is the inability to construct reality. This is because as the two statements give contradictory messages they cannot interpret this properly. A non-schizophrenic might just think they are turning away because the mother is just getting on with something else but the schizophrenic cannot establish this logic. This theory has some evidence to support it, for instance Berger used a retrospective method. He gave out a questionnaire containing 30 double bind statements and asked the participants to rate them on a 4 point scale in terms of how frequently they recalled their mothers using these type of statements. Berger found that the schizophrenics consistently reported a higher incidence of these statements than one of the comparison groups (college students). However he found that the schizophrenics’ scores were not significantly higher than the other comparison groups who also had psychiatric and medical conditions. Therefore, this research provides some evidence for the double bind theory. However with any retroactive study interpretability of findings is limited by the fact that recall may be unequally biased in the schizophrenic group. This is because of their disorganised thought processes. On the other hand, there is some research that does not support Bateson’s double bind theory for example Liem measured patterns of parental communication in families with a schizophrenic child and found no difference when compared to normal families. Therefore, this statement disproves double bind theory and seems to suggest it is useless. It was obvious that families may be involved in the progress of the condition, but they are unlikely to have been the cause of it. However, the environment the schizophrenia sufferer returns to after treatment influences the likelihood of successful recovery. Homes where face-to-face interaction is characterised by intense emotional concern or criticism are less conducive to recovery than homes with more emotionally stable interactions. Relapse rates are highest where contact is most fraught. Brown (1972) showed that patients who returned from hospital to homes where there was a high level of emotionality (High levels of Emotion were Expressed — HEE) were more likely to have a relapse, and would have it sooner than those with LEE (Low levels of Emotion Expressed) families. The kinds of emotions that were expressed were high levels of concern for the sufferers, leading to doing everything for them, being highly critical of their attempts to help themselves, and being very ‘strung out’ generally. These families were characterised by people (mothers usually) rushing around and driving themselves to exhaustion, looking after each other, fussing constantly and being overly possessive. Vaughn and Leff (1976) found 51 per cent of schizophrenic relapses in HEE families, compared to 13 per cent in LEE homes. The more contact the sufferer had with HEE relatives, the higher the relapse rate. The evidence for the effect of other family members and their emotional responses on recovery from schizophrenia is now well established (and the care package for schizophrenia recovery usually includes some education and support for other family members). Evidence for the importance of expressed emotion has been found in studies across different cultures so there can be little doubt of its importance in explaining relapse. Unfortunately for the EE explanation, there are also high relapse rates amongst those recovering from schizophrenia who are not in contact with any former family members, so the expressed emotion hypothesis may not be entirely true.